Idlalwa njani indima yoyilo lokukhanyisa kwebala lemidlalo ngokuzeleyo ngakumbi, kufuneka siqonde imigangatho ethile yereferensi kunye neemfuno zoyilo lokukhanyisa kwebala lemidlalo.Kubandakanya ukukhanya, ubushushu bombala, unikezelo lombala, ulawulo lwe-glare, njl., kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo kwaye kuphunyezwe.
Iimfuno zokukhanyisa
Ukuthatha ibala lebhola njengomzekelo, ngokutsho koxwebhu lwe-83 lwe-International Federation of Sports, ukhanyiso olucetyiswayo lwamabala ezemidlalo kunye nemimiselo "kwiMigangatho yoYilo lokuKhanya kwiZakhiwo zoLuntu" GBJ133-90, inqanaba lethu lokukhanyisa kwibala lebhola lebhola kufuneka lihlangane. ezi mfuno zilandelayo:
1. Ukuthatha uyilo lokukhanyisa ibala lebhola njengomzekelo, ngokweSiqendu 2.2.9-1 se "Imigangatho yoYilo loLighting for Civil Buildings" GBJ133-90: ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokukhanyisa kwimidlalo yebala lebhola: xa umgama wokubukela u-120m, i Ukukhanya kufuneka kufikelele kwi-150 ~ 200～300lx;xa umgama wokubukela u-160m, ukukhanya kufuneka kufikelele kwi-200～300～500lx;xa umgama wokubukela ungama-200m, ixabiso lokukhanyisa lifuneka ukuba libe yi-300～500～750lx.Umgama wokubukela ubhekisa kumgama osuka kumqolo wokugqibela weholo ukuya kwicala elisecaleni lendawo.
2. Ukusasaza ngqo iinkqubo zemidlalo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukukhanya okuthe nkqo kosasazo lukamabonakude.Ngokutsho kweNqaku 2.2.9-2 "yeMigangatho yoYilo lokuKhanya kwiZakhiwo zoLuntu" GBJ133-90, ukukhanya okuthe nkqo okufunekayo kusasazo lweTV: umgama wokudubula uphezulu wahlula ngamaqela amathathu:
a.Kwiminyhadala yebhola ekhatywayo, xa umgama omkhulu wokudubula ungama-25m, ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo okuthe nkqo kufuneka kufikelele kwi-750lx;
b.Xa umgama omkhulu wokudubula uyi-75m, ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo okuthe nkqo kuyafuneka ukufikelela kwi-1000lx;
c.Xa umgama omkhulu wokudubula uyi-150m, ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo okuthe nkqo kuyafuneka ukufikelela kwinqanaba le-1500lx.
Phakathi kwazo, ekubeni ezininzi iziteyimu zabelana ngendawo yebhola yebhola kunye nomkhondo kunye neziganeko zebala, iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zifunekayo kwiziganeko zendlela kunye nebala: xa umgama ophezulu wokudubula u-25m, ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo okusemgangathweni kuyadingeka ukufikelela kwi-500lx;xa umgama omkhulu wokudubula ungama-75m, ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo okuthe nkqo Ukukhanya kuyadingeka ukufikelela kwi-750lx;xa umgama omkhulu wokudubula uyi-150m, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokukhanya elithe nkqo liyafuneka ukufikelela kwi-1000lx.
Amagqabantshintshi: Iimfuno zokukhanya ezithe nkqo ezikhankanywe ngasentla zisetyenziselwa inqanaba lezemidlalo elinikiweyo kunye nexabiso lomgama onikiweyo wokudubula ofanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nenqwelomoya ethe nkqo eyi-1.0m, kwaye ixabiso eliphakathi lexabiso ngalinye lokukhanyisa liyasebenza.kweminye imigama yokudubula.
3. Olu khanyiso lungentla lubhekiselele kumndilili wokugqibela wokukhanya kwebala lezemidlalo.Xa senza uyilo lokukhanyisa, kufuneka songeze i-coefficient yokugcinwa, ngokuqhelekileyo ixabiso le-coefficient phakathi kwe-0.7 kunye ne-0.8.
4. Ukufana kokukhanya okuthe tye: ukufana kokukhanya ngokuqhelekileyo kubonakaliswa ngumlinganiselo wokukhanya okuncinci ukuya kukukhanya okuphezulu, kwaye kunokubonakaliswa ngumlinganiselo wokukhanya okuncinci ukuya kumyinge wokukhanya.Umlinganiselo wokukhanya okuncinci ukuya kukukhanya okuphezulu kufuneka ube mkhulu kune-0.5.Ukongeza, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekufanisweni kokukhanya okuthe nkqo kwendawo: umlinganiselo wokukhanya okuncinci ukuya kowona kukhanya uphezulu kufuneka ube mkhulu kuno-0.4 ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zekhamera yeTV ephambili.
Umgangatho wokukhanyisa
1. Ukulawula ilitha
Ngenxa yokuba ibala lebala lilikhulu ngokwentelekiso, kukho amaqela amaninzi athabatha inxaxheba, kuquka iimbaleki nosompempe, kwanababukeli, imicimbi yebala, njl.Ngale ndlela, umphumo wokukhanyisa ofanelekileyo unokufumaneka, abadlali banokudlala kangcono izinga labo lokukhuphisana, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo, ababukeli banokubona ngokupheleleyo iinkcukacha zomdlalo.
Ngokutsho koshicilelo lweCIE NO.83 "Ukukhanya kweNdawo yeMidlalo kwiiNkqubo zeTV zeMbala", isalathisi esiphezulu se-glare i-GRmax kwintsimi kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwama-50. Ukunciphisa ukulinganisa kwe-glare GR, bhetele ukulawula ukukhanya, kunye nokulinganisa kwe-glare. 50. Ireyithi ye-glare GR ingabalwa kusetyenziswa le fomula ilandelayo:
GR=27+24Lg, Lvl/Lve 0.9 1 Kwifomula, i-Lvl kukukhanya kwekhethini elikhanyayo elenziwe sisibane, kwaye i-Lve kukukhanya kwekhethini elikhanyayo eliveliswa yindalo.Ezi zimbini kufuneka ziphathwe ngokwahlukeneyo.Xa sibala ukukhanya kwendawo, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba sithathele ingqalelo ixabiso le-glare kumacala ahlukeneyo.Kuphela xa ixabiso elilinganisiweyo GR<50, iskim ngokubanzi sinokusebenza.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, kukho iindlela ezininzi zokunciphisa ukukhanya, njengokukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwezibane, ukulungelelanisa ukuphakama kofakelo, i-angle, kunye nokulungiswa kwezibane, kwaye unako "ukunciphisa" ukukhanya ngokukhanyisa imvelaphi yebala.
2. Ubushushu bombala womthombo wokukhanya kunye nomgangatho wonikezelo lombala
Ukuze kuphunyezwe iziphumo ezingcono zokujonga kunye nokusasazwa kweTV, umgangatho wokukhanya kwebala lezemidlalo awukho malunga nokukhanya kuphela, kodwa kunye nobushushu bombala kunye nokunikezelwa kombala.Xa ukukhanya kufikelela kumgangatho, kunokusivumela kuphela ukuba "sibone ngokucacileyo", kwaye xa ubushushu bombala kunye nokunikezelwa kombala kuhambelana nomgangatho, kunokusivumela ukuba "sibone kakuhle".
Ngokwemiqathango yeSiqendu 3.3.2 selizwe lam elithi "Imigangatho yoYilo loLighting for Civil Buildings" GBJ133-90: Kwimithombo yokukhanya ngokubanzi esetyenziselwa ukusasaza kombala weTV, isalathisi sombala weRa akufanele sibe ngaphantsi kwe-65. Ukongeza, ngokutsho ukuya kupapasho lweCIE NO.83 kunye neemfuno zeFIFA, ukukhanya kombala wokukhanya kwe-Tc kukhulu kune-5000K, kwaye isalathisi sombala sikhulu kuno okanye silingana no-80. Oko kukuthi, kuyilo lokukhanyisa lwamabala emidlalo, Ubushushu bombala womthombo wokukhanya kufuneka bube ngaphezulu kwe-5000K, kwaye iqondo lobushushu lombala kufuneka libe yiRa>65 ubuncinane.
3. Indlela yokukhanya
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukulawulwa kwe-glare kunento eninzi yokwenza kunye nolwalathiso lwesibane.Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, i-angle yokudakumba yesibane inokutshintsha ukukhanya okuthe nkqo.Ngoko ke, xa uyila ukukhanya kwebala, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ulwalathiso lokukhanyisa izibane.Ukongeza, umlinganiselo wekhamera ephambili kunye nokukhanya okuvela kwelinye icala kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, kwaye indawo yokukhanyisa i-accent isembindini wenkundla.
Umbane osetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa kumabala emidlalo ngumbane othengiswayo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kombane kwebala lonke kukhulu kakhulu.Ityala lombane ngosuku ngamanye amaxesha linokubiza amawaka eeyuan.Ngoko ke, imiba yokonga umbane kufuneka iqwalaselwe kuyilo lokukhanyisa kwizitediyamu.
Ukugcina amandla, yintoni inkampani yoyilo lokukhanyisa enokuyenza kukuqulunqa isikimu sokukhanyisa esifanelekileyo, ukhethe izibane ezisebenzayo, ukunciphisa ilahleko yomgca, kunye nokuyila inkqubo yokulawula ukukhanya.
Xa sikhetha izibane zokukhanyisa kwiikholeji kunye neeyunivesithi, kufuneka simisele ingqiqo, iindlela zokutshintsha ezininzi kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula ezihambelanayo ukulungelelanisa ngokuguquguqukayo kwimidlalo eyahlukeneyo.
Ngaphezu koko, ezi zinto kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo ekuqaleni koyilo, ngaphandle koko kuya kuba nzima ukuhlaziya kamva.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-25-2022