ukukhanyisa series Golf Course LED Floodlight
Cofa kwiinkcukacha ezininzi zemveliso kunye nokunikezelwa kwexabiso
Ukudlala igalufa ebusuku, kufuneka kubekho ukukhanya okwaneleyo, okubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokukhanyisa ibala legalufa.Iimfuno zokukhanyisa kwibala yegalufa ezikhanyisayo zahlukile kwamanye amabala emidlalo, kwaye imiba ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yahlukile kwamanye amabala emidlalo.Ibala legalufa likhulu kakhulu, amaxesha amaninzi likhulu kunezinye iindawo zemidlalo, kwaye lahlulwe ngokweendlela ezininzi.Kwibala legalufa elinomgca wama-72, kukho ii-fairways ezili-18 kunye nemingxuma eli-18;Ukongeza, i-fairway yi-Ulwalathiso ngokwesiseko luyindlela enye, kwaye i-fairway ekufuphi ininzi yendlela enye, kwaye i-fairway terrain itshintsha ngokwahlukeneyo, kwaye umphakamo awuguquguquki, ukwenza ukuma kwepali yokukhanya, uhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya. kwaye isalathiso sokukhanya kwezibane ngokucacileyo sahlukile kwamanye amabala ezemidlalo.Kubonakala ngathi uyilo luntsonkothile kwaye lucela umngeni.I-Wanye Lighting iya kuchaza ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi ezibandakanya uyilo lokukhanyisa kunye nokukhethwa kokukhanyisa.
Amagama aphambili: ukukhanya kwebala yegalufa, ukukhanya okukhethekileyo kwebala yegalufa, ukukhanya kwebala yegalufa, ukukhanya kwebala yegalufa ye-LED, ukukhanya kobuchwephesha, ukukhanya kwekhosi ye-LED, ukukhanya kwentsimbi ye-halide, uyilo lokukhanyisa ibala yegalufa, ukukhanya kwebala yegalufa, ukukhanya kwebala yegalufa, inkqubo yokukhanyisa ikhosi yegalufa, ukukhanya kwezemidlalo, ukukhanya kwebala yegalufa Yila isicwangciso soyilo lwesibane sebala yegalufa yoyilo lokukhanyisa ikhosi yegalufa.
Uyilo lokukhanyisa
Igalufa ngumdlalo wangaphandle osebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indawo.Abantu bahamba engceni kwaye ibhola ibhabha kwisithuba esiphezu kwengca.Ngoko ke, xa uqwalasela ukukhanya kwebala legalufu, kungekhona kuphela ukukhanya kokuhamba kwegalufa kunye nebhola ewela kwibala kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza ukukhanya kwendawo engaphezulu yebala lemidlalo ibe yiyunifomu kangangoko, kwaye kungabi mfiliba i-sphere.Oko kukuthi, ukusebenzisa izibane zomkhukula, usebenzisa enye okanye imithombo yokukhanya yendawo enkulu, okanye imithombo emincinci yokukhanya evela kwiindlela ezininzi, ukwenza ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuthambile, kufezekise iimfuno ezibonwayo zegalufa, kwaye kufezekiswe zombini phantsi kokukhanya naphantsi kokukhanya. ilanga Ikwafanayo inokujinga.
Kwibala legalufa, umngxuma wenziwa ikakhulu ngamacandelo amathathu: tee (TEE), fairway (FA IRWA Y) kunye nohlaza (GREEN).Phakathi kwabo, inxalenye ye-fairway ibandakanya i-bunkers (BUN KER), i-pool (POOL), ibhulorho (BR IDA GE), i-slope (SLO PE), iinduli (H ILL S), indawo yengca ende (LON GGRA SS) kunye nomzila webhola. (CAR PA TH) kunye nezinye iindawo ezahlukeneyo.Ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo lwebala ngalinye, ukwakheka kwezi nxalenye kwibala lemidlalo nako kwahlukile.Ngaphezu koko, ii-bunkers, imiqobo yamanzi kunye neendawo ezinengca ende zichazwa njengemiqobo yekhosi "kwiMithetho yeGalufa".Baya kwenza abadlali begalufa bazive bengumngeni.Ke ngoko, ukukhanya kwasebusuku kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza lula umdlalo wabo.Indima yayo efanelekileyo.Ukucwangciswa kokukhanya okufanelekileyo kunokonyusa ulonwabo kunye nomngeni wokudlala igalufa ebusuku.
Kumngxuma ngamnye, umhlaba we teeing yeyona ndawo iphambili.Ukukhanyisa apha kufuneka kuyilwe ukwenzela ukuba abadlali begalufa basekhohlo okanye ekunene babone ibhola kunye nesiphelo se-tee kakuhle ngaphandle kokuthintela ukukhonza.Ukhanyiso oluthe tyaba lufuneka ngokubanzi ukufikelela kwi-100 ~ 150 lx, kwaye izibane ubukhulu becala zizibane ezisasazwa ngokubanzi ezibanzi, kwaye zikhanyise ukusuka kumacala amabini kangangoko ukuthintela isithunzi sebhola, iklabhu okanye igalufa ewela phezu kwebhola okanye ukubetha ngaphakathi. indlela, ichaphazela umbono we-golfer.
Ngexesha lofakelo, ipali yokukhanya idla ngokufakwa ubuncinci i-115 m ukusuka kumda ongasemva we tee.Kwiitafile ezinkulu ze-teeing, izibane ezi-multi-directional ziyadingeka (Umfanekiso 1).Ukuphakama kofakelo lwezixhobo zokukhanyisa itafile ye-teeing kufuneka ibe mkhulu okanye ilingane nesiqingatha sobude obupheleleyo betafile ye-teeing, kodwa ubuncinci bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-9 m.Ukwenziwa kofakelo kubonisa ukuba ukwandisa ukuphakama kofakelo kuya kuphucula ngokufanelekileyo umphumo wokukhanyisa kwetafile ye-teeing.Umzekelo, usebenzisa i-14 m yokukhanya kwepali ephezulu, umphumo ungcono kakhulu kunokusebenzisa i-9 m ephantsi yokukhanya kwepali.
Inxalenye ye-fairway yomngxuma ngamnye, ngenxa yendawo yabo, isebenzisa ngokupheleleyo indawo ekhoyo, idityaniswe nendalo yomhlaba, kwaye ububanzi buyahluka ngokobunzima boyilo lomngxuma, ukusuka kwi-32 ukuya kwi-55 m, Ububanzi obuphakathi. imalunga ne-41 m, kwaye umda wendlela eqhelekileyo yenza igophe kuyo yonke indawo, elelona libanzi kwindawo yokumisa.Ngoko ke, kuyilo lokukhanyisa lwe-fairway, kunokuqwalaselwa ukusebenzisa izibane ezinqamlekileyo zokusabalalisa ukukhanya ukulandelela ukukhanya ukusuka kumacala omabini ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya okwaneleyo okuthe nkqo.Inqwelo-moya ethe nkqo echaphazelekayo ibhekiselele kumphakamo othe ngcu kumgca osembindini we-fairway.Ububanzi bububanzi obupheleleyo be-fairway kuloo ndawo, kwaye ubude busuka kumphakamo we-centerline ye-fairway ukuya malunga ne-15 m ngaphezu kwayo.Le nqwelo-moya ime nkqo ibekwe kumbindi weepali zokukhanya ezimbini ze-fairway.Ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa ukuba ezi nqwelomoya ezithe nkqo zikhethiweyo kwindawo yokulahla ibhola, umphumo webhola uya kuba ngcono.
Ngokutsho koMgangatho we-International Illuminance Standard (i-Z9110, i-1997 Edition) kunye neemfuno zobuchwepheshe ze-THORN LIGHTING, ukukhanya okuthe tye kwe-fairway kuyadingeka ukufikelela kwi-80-100 lx, kunye nokukhanya okuthe tye kuyadingeka ukufikelela kwi-100-150 lx.Kwinqwelomoya ethe nkqo, umlinganiselo wokukhanya okuthe nkqo ukuya kubuncinci bokukhanya akufanele ube mkhulu kune-7: 1 (Umfanekiso 2).Xa ibhola ibaleka ngesantya se-100 km öh okanye ngaphezulu, ukukhanya okuthe nkqo kwe-fairway kufuneka kwanele ukwenzela ukuba umdlali wegalufa abone ukuphaphatheka kwebhola de ibone indawo yayo yokumisa, oko kukuthi, ukukhanya. Ukukhanya okusetwe kwi-fairway kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ibhola elibethwe yi-golfer ukusuka kwitafile ye-teeing inokulandelelwa.Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kuyafuneka ukuba umgama phakathi kwendawo yokuqala ethe nkqo kunye nepali yokukhanya yetafile ye-teeing akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-30 m, kwaye umgama phakathi kweepali zokukhanya kufuneka udibaniswe nokukhanya okukhethiweyo.Iimpawu zokukhanya, kunye nomhlaba apho i-pali yokukhanya ikhona khona ziqwalaselwa ngokubanzi.Ubude obuncinci bofakelo lwesibane yi-11 m kude nesiseko sepali yesibane, kwaye kufuneka ifakwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwindawo ewayo okanye kwikona ye-fairway, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa inani lezibane kunye neepali zezibane kunye nokugcinwa. utyalo-mali;ukuba isibane sesibane sibekwe kwindawo enendawo ekhethekileyo, yifake Ukuphakama kufuneka kwandiswe okanye kunciphe ngokufanelekileyo.Ngoko ke, ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yomhlaba, izibonda zokukhanya zifakwe ngokubanzi ecaleni kwendlela yebhola okanye kwiindawo eziphezulu.
Kwelinye icala le-fairway, oko kukuthi, imiqobo ekwisiza, enje ngamachibi angaphantsi komhlaba, iibhulorho ezincinci, njl.njl., umlinganiselo othile wokukhanya kufuneka uqwalaselwe, onokuba phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-75 lx ukuqinisekisa ukuba igalufa. ibetha ezi ndawo xa ibhola ibethiwe., Unako kwakhona ukuyibetha ibhola kwakhona kakuhle.Kwangaxeshanye, uyilo olufanelekileyo kwezi zibane zasekuhlaleni zinokongeza umtsalane kwibala lemidlalo ebusuku.
Umdlali ubetha ibhola kwi-fairway, ubetha ibhola eluhlaza, kwaye utyhale ibhola emngxunyeni ukugqibezela umngxuma.Uhlaza, njengesiphelo somngxuma, umhlaba uphezulu kune-fairway, kwaye ukukhanya kwawo okuthe tye kufuna kakhulu, ngokubanzi 200 ~ 250 lx, kwaye umyinge wokukhanya okuthe tye okungaphezulu kokukhanya okuthe tye okuncinci akukho ngaphezulu kwe-3. : 1, kuba ibhola Isandla sinokutyhala ibhola ukusuka macala onke eluhlaza ukuya emngxunyeni.Ngoko ke, ukuyila kokukhanya kwendawo eluhlaza kufuneka kube ubuncinane be-2 imiyalelo yokunciphisa izithunzi (Umfanekiso 3).Ipali yokukhanya ifakwe kwindawo ye-40-degree enomthunzi phambi kwendawo eluhlaza, kwaye umgama phakathi kwezibane ungaphantsi okanye ulingana nokuphindwe kathathu ukuphakama kwesibonda sokukhanya, kwaye umphumo wokukhanyisa ungcono.
Xa ubeka i-pole yokukhanyisa, kubalulekile ukuthobela ingqalelo: Ukukhanyisa akunakuchaphazela ukubetha kwe-golfer, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungavelisi i-glare eyingozi kubadlali begalufa kule fairway okanye enye i-fairway.Iindlela zokudakumba ziquka ilitha elithe ngqo, ilitha elibonakalayo, ilitha elibangelwa kukwahluka kokukhanya okuphakamileyo kakhulu, kunye nelitha elibangelwa kukungakhululeki okubonakalayo.Kwibala legalufa elikhanyisiweyo, umkhombandlela wentelekelelo yokukhanya usetwa ecaleni kwendlela yebhola.Xa kungekho zindledlana zikufuphi, isiphumo sokukhanya sincinci, kwaye kwiindlela ezikufutshane, ngenxa yempembelelo yeendlela ezimbini.Kwelinye icala, umkhombandlela wokukhanya uchasene, kwaye izibane ezikufuphi ne-fairway ziya kuvelisa ilitha elinamandla kubadlali ababethe ibhola kwi-fairway.Eli litha libonakala ngendlela yelitha elithe ngqo, elinamandla kakhulu phantsi kwemvelaphi emnyama yesibhakabhaka ebusuku.Iza kubangela ukungakhululeki kakhulu kubadlali begalufa.Ngoko ke, xa ubeka izibane ze-fairways ezikufutshane, impembelelo ye-glare kufuneka incitshiswe.
Ifomyula eqhubekayo ye-glare G = L sa×W böL fc×P d apho L s-ukukhanya komthombo we-glare (cdöm 2);W-i-engile eqinileyo yomthombo we-glare (Sr);L f—ukuqaqamba okungasemva (cdöm 2);P d——P (H) Indawo yokusebenza a, b, c, d—— ngokungatshintshiyo.Amazwe ahlukeneyo anemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo.Ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo, sifumana: a = 1, b = 0163, c = 0128, P d = P (H);ngoko ke, G = L s×W 0163öL f0128×P (H);
Ngale ndlela, phantsi komthombo wokukhanya welitha ofanayo kunye nokukhanya okungasemva, kusetyenziswa umthombo wokukhanya ofanayo, oko kukuthi, xa umthombo welitha uneengile eqinileyo efanayo engu-W, ilitha elingaguqukiyo i-G liyangqubana nomsebenzi wendawo P (H) , kunye ne-P (H) Ukunyuka kwe-angle ye-H ukunyuka, okubonakaliswa njengokuncipha kwempembelelo ye-glare.Oko kukuthi, xa umgama we-D phakathi kwe-golfer kunye nomthombo we-glare uhlala, ukuphakama komthombo we-glare kunyuswe ngokufanelekileyo, oko kukuthi, ixabiso le-angle H linyuswe, kwaye ingozi ye-glare iyancitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo.Ukuziqhelanisa kubonisa ukuba xa ukuphakama kofakelo lomthombo wokukhanya kungaphezulu kwe-11 m, ilitha lebala lezemidlalo linokulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Oku kungasentla kuchaza ubukhulu becala ukwakheka kweepali zokukhanya zebala lemidlalo kunye nendlela yokunciphisa ilitha eliyingozi.Ukukhethwa kwemithombo yokukhanyisa kunye nezibane, ezi ngongoma zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
1. Imithombo yokukhanya esebenza kakuhle kakhulu iyakhethwa.Ngale ndlela, xa ukukhanya okufanayo kufezekiswa, inani lemithombo yokukhanya efunekayo lingancitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela linciphisa iindleko zempahla yesiphaluka zombane kunye neendleko zokufakela, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa utyalo-mali lokuqala.
2. Khetha umthombo wokukhanya onokunikezelwa kombala ophezulu kunye nobushushu bombala ophezulu.Ngokwendlela yokusebenza ebaleni, isalathiso sombala we-R a> 90, kunye nobushushu bombala wegolide kunye nobushushu bombala obungaphezulu kwe-5500K.
Isibane se-halide, esiya kuvelisa imbonakalo yebala lezemidlalo kakuhle, njengemibala yokuqala yengca kunye nesphere.
3. Khetha umthombo wokukhanya oneempawu ezilungileyo zokulawula.
4. Khetha izibane ezihambelana nomthombo wokukhanya.Oko kukuthi, isakhiwo kunye nohlobo luhambelana, kwaye inkcazo ihambelana namandla omthombo wokukhanya.
5. Khetha izibane ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.Ekubeni izibane zenkundla yokukhanya zifakwe kwibala elingaphandle elivulekileyo, xa ukhetha izibane, iqondo lokukhusela izibane kwizinto zangaphandle kunye namanzi kunye neqondo lokutshitshiswa kombane kufuneka liqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo.Ngokubanzi, ibakala lokukhusela i-IP55 kunye nebakala lokhuseleko lokothuka kombane Ê ibakala likhethiwe.Ukongezelela, ukusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion yezibane kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngokubambisana nendawo yendawo ye-atmospheric.
6. Khetha izibane ezinokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo ijika lokusabalalisa ukukhanya.Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kokukhanya, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla, ngexesha elifanayo, izibane kufuneka zibe nokusabalalisa ukukhanya okulungileyo, kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo we-glare.
7. Khetha izibane zezoqoqosho kunye nemithombo yokukhanya eneendleko eziphantsi zokusebenza.Iqwalaselwa ikakhulu kwimiba yokusetyenziswa kwesibane, isibane kunye nobomi bomthombo wokukhanya, kunye nokugcinwa kwesibane.
8. Ukukhethwa kwezibonda zokukhanya.Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziqhelekileyo, ezifana nohlobo olusisigxina, uhlobo lwe-tilting, uhlobo lokuphakanyiswa kwe-pneumatic kunye nohlobo lokuphakanyiswa kwe-hydraulic.Indlela yokukhetha, kufuneka iqwalaselwe ngokudityaniswa nokusingqongileyo kwebala lemidlalo kunye namandla ezoqoqosho omqhubi wotyalo-mali, kwisiseko sokungachaphazeli okusingqongileyo kwebala lezemidlalo nokuqinisekisa ubuhle bendalo bebala lezemidlalo.
Ukuqwalaselwa koyilo
Isiseko soyilo
① Isicwangciso somgangatho webala legalufa kunye neemfuno zoyilo ezinxulumeneyo;
② Umbutho wokuKhanya waMazwe ngaMazwe oMgangatho wokuKhanya kweMidlalo ye-IESNA RP-6-01 "Izibane zeMidlalo kunye neNdawo yoLonwabo";
③ I-American Musco yoyilo lwesibane soyilo lwesoftware "IiNkcukacha zeSoftware yeMusco yokuKhanya";
④ Imigangatho ecetyiswayo yoyilo lwezibane lweMusco kumabala egalufa;
⑤ "I-GB50034-2004 iSakhiwo soMbane soMgangatho woYilo loMbane";
⑥ "JGJ16-92 Ikhowudi yoYilo loMbane woLuntu";
⑦ I-LD + Uyilo lokuKhanya + Ukusetyenziswa kwe-IES.
Imigaqo yoyilo
Kwindawo ye-tee, indawo engcono kakhulu yesibonda sokukhanya ngokuthe ngqo emva kwe-tee, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo isithunzi se-golfer ekugubungeleni ibhola yegalufa.Iitafile ezinde kakhulu zinokufuna iipali ezimbini zokukhanya ukubonelela ukukhanya.Ngeli xesha, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela izibonda zokukhanya kufuphi netafile ye-teeing yangaphambili ekuphazamiseni i-back teeing table.
Kwindawo ye-fairway, izibane kumacala omabini kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zezinye izibane ukuze zibone iibhola eziwela kumacala omabini e-fairway, ngelixa unciphisa ukukhanya okulethwe kwi-fairway ekufutshane.Kwiindlela ezinqamlekileyo (ububanzi be-fairway bungaphantsi kokuphindwe kabini ukuphakama kweepali zokukhanya), kungcono ukuwela amacala amabini eepalini zokukhanya ukunciphisa inani leepali zokukhanya.Kwiindlela ezithe tye ezigqithisa kabini ukuphakama kweepali, iipali zokukhanya kufuneka zidibanise kwaye zidlulele xa izibane ziqikelelwa.Ukuze ufumane ukufana okungcono, umgama phakathi kweepali akufanele udlule amaxesha ama-3 ubude beepali.Isalathiso sokubonisa zonke izibane kufuneka sihambelane nesikhokelo sebhola, kunye nomlawuli we-glare kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinxulumene nazo.
Uhlaza lukhanyiswa ngeendlela ezimbini ezichaseneyo, ezinokunciphisa izithunzi zegalufa xa ubeka ibhola.Ipali yokukhanya kufuneka ihlelwe ngaphakathi kwe-15 ukuya kwi-35 degrees ukusuka kumgca ophakathi kwendawo eluhlaza.Umda wokuqala we-15-degree ukunciphisa ubukhulu becala kwi-glare kubadlali begalufa, kwaye okokugqibela kukuthintela izibane ekuphazamiseni ukudubula.Umgama phakathi kweepali zombini awufanele ube ngaphezu kwe-3 ubude beepali, kwaye kufuneka zingabi ngaphantsi kwezibane ezibini kwipali nganye.Ukuba kukho ii-bunkers, amanzi, ii-fairways okanye ezinye izithintelo, ezongezelelweyo Qwalasela inani lezibane kunye ne-angle yokubonisa.
Ngokumalunga nokukhethwa kohlobo lwesibane sokukhanya, ukuze sifumane ukufana okungcono kunye nokunciphisa ilitha, kufuneka sisebenzise izibane ezibanzi xa sinika ukukhanya okuthe tye kwi-tee kunye nohlaza, kodwa singafumani idatha yokukhanya okuphezulu.Uhlobo lwezibane ezimxinwa.Ekukhanyeni kwe-fairway, izibane ezinobubanzi obahlukeneyo kunye nemiqadi emxinwa kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo ukufumana umphumo ongcono wokukhanyisa, kunye nezibane ezibanzi kufuneka zikhethwe.Ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwee-curves ezikhoyo kwisibane, ngcono isiphumo soyilo lokukhanyisa sinokufumaneka.
Luminaire Khetha
I-ONOR Lighting icebisa inkundla yangaphandle izibane zezikhukhula kunye nezibane ezisebenza ngokufanelekileyo zezibane ze-LED njengobume bokukhanya kwebala legalufa.
Iimpawu zokwenziwa komsebenzi webala lezemidlalo lokukhanya kwebala: ukukhanya kukhaphukhaphu, kuxhotyiswe ngomqheba ekulula ukuwuphatha, kwaye ixhotyiswe ngesibiyeli esixhomayo esihlengahlengiswayo esingu-360º;ngelo xesha, ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokubona ezichanekileyo, ezinokuthi zifakwe kwindawo ephezulu okanye ephantsi yomzimba wokukhanya;ubushushu be-ambient: Ewe Ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwimozulu eqhelekileyo;ngokuphuculwa kancinci kancinci, ukukhanya kwezibane kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kokukhanya kuphuculwe kakhulu;inkqubo ekhethekileyo ye-elliptical optical kunye nomthombo omtsha wokukhanya iqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi ngokuthembeka okuphezulu, ukukhanya okuphantsi kunye nezinga eliphezulu lokukhanyisa, Ukubonakala kuhlangene kwaye kuhle, i-coefficient yokudonsa incinci, kwaye ubunzima bulula.Isibane sinomda wokuhambisa ukukhanya owenziwe ngokukodwa;iimpawu ze-beam echanekileyo, ukusabalalisa ukukhanya okuphindaphindiweyo, ukuqala kwangoko kunye nokunye.
Iimpawu zentsebenzo yezibane ze-LED ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu: i-patented "fin-type" yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokutshatyalaliswa kobushushu inkulu, i-thermal conductivity ingcono, ayinciphisi ngokufanelekileyo ukufudumeza kwendawo ye-LED, kodwa inokubola kokukhanya okuphantsi kwaye ubude bobomi obude, kunye nobunzima bemveliso Ikhaphukhaphu kwaye ikhuselekile, yimveliso yokukhanya ye-LED ephezulu yobuchwepheshe obufanelekileyo kwizibane zezemidlalo kwimarike.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-08-2022