Ubungqina obucacileyo: Okwangoku, ekuqaleni ihlabathi liye lenza isakhiwo semizi-mveliso esisekelwe kuMntla Merika, eYurophu, naseAsia, nganye kuzo ineengenelo ezinamandla kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.Uqoqosho oluphuhlileyo olumelwe yi-United States, iJapan, kunye neJamani kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa lonke ikhonkco leshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED linenzuzo kwimarike ephezulu, kunye namanqanaba ezixhobo eziphambili kunye nenkqubo yeshishini elipheleleyo, kodwa bavaleleke. kubasebenzi, ulungiselelo, kunye namakhonkco obonelelo.xabisa ngaphezulu...
Umzila wophuhliso lweshishini
Okwangoku, ihlabathi liqale lenze ulwakhiwo lwemizi-mveliso olugxile kwimimandla emithathu emikhulu yoMntla Merika, iYurophu neAsia, nganye kuzo ineengenelo ezinamandla kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.Uqoqosho oluphuhlileyo olumelwe yi-United States, iJapan, kunye neJamani kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa lonke ikhonkco leshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED linenzuzo kwimarike ephezulu, kunye namanqanaba ezixhobo eziphambili kunye nenkqubo yeshishini elipheleleyo, kodwa bavaleleke. kubasebenzi, ulungiselelo, kunye namakhonkco obonelelo.Izithintelo zeendleko eziphezulu azikhange zibe neziphumo zesikali.Phakathi kweemarike ezikhulayo e-Asiya, amazwe afana ne-Indiya, iVietnam, njl., eyaphuhlisa imboni yokukhanyisa i-LED kamva, inamandla athile okuvelisa imveliso, kodwa inkxaso yabo ye-industrial chain ayiphelelanga, kwaye bajongene neemeko ezinzima zezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kunye neemeko eziphantsi. ukusebenza kakuhle kwezentlalo.kunye neminye imiba, kunzima ukwenza ukhuphiswano kwixesha elifutshane.
Njengomzi-mveliso wehlabathi weshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED yehlabathi, i-China ngowona mvelisi mkhulu wehlabathi kunye nomthengisi wemveliso yokukhanyisa i-LED.Inokuvelisa kunye nobuchule bokuvelisa i-chain chain chain yeshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED, kwaye inokhuphiswano oluqinileyo kwimveliso, uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye nokuthengiswa kweemveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED.
Ukongezelela, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla okuvelisa imboni yokukhanyisa i-LED iye yanda ngokukhawuleza, okubangele ukuxinwa kweshishini eliphantsi kunye nokhuphiswano oluqatha lwemarike.Iibrendi zodidi lokuqala lwamazwe ngamazwe ezifana no-Signify kunye ne-Osram, kunye neebrendi zasekhaya zodidi lokuqala ezifana ne-Oppo Lighting, zithatha uninzi lwesabelo semakethi yeemveliso eziphakathi ukuya kwephezulu ngenxa yegama labo elomeleleyo, itshaneli, ulawulo kunye uphando lwetekhnoloji kunye neenzuzo zophuhliso.Ezinye iinkampani ezisakhasayo zezibane ze-LED ezineempawu zazo zobugcisa kunye nobuchule bokuphuhlisa imveliso nazo ziye zawaxhakamfula amathuba ophuhliso loshishino ukuze zikhule ngokukhawuleza, zingene ngempumelelo kwimakethi yemveliso eyahlulwe phakathi ukuya kwephezulu kwaye zifumane isabelo sentengiso ethile.Abaninzi abancinci nabaphakathi abavelisi bokukhanyisa i-LED, ngenxa yokunciphisa iteknoloji yemveliso yabo, umgangatho, uphawu kunye namajelo, ngokukodwa bakhuphisana ngexabiso kwimarike ephantsi.
Iimpawu zeshishini
Ngamaxesha athile
Ngokukhula ngokuthe ngcembe kobuchwephesha bokukhanyisa kwe-LED, kunye nengqalelo kunye nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo wogcino lwamandla kunye nemiba yokukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, ishishini lokukhanyisa i-LED liye langenisa amathuba amakhulu ophuhliso, ngoko ke iimpawu zexesha elithile azibonakali.
Ingingqi
Okwangoku, ishishini lokukhanyisa i-LED yehlabathi liqale lenza ukuhanjiswa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nepateni yokhuphiswano egxile kwimimandla emithathu emikhulu yaseAsia, eYurophu naseMntla Melika.I-China isisiseko esibalulekileyo sokuvelisa kunye nesiseko sokuthumela ngaphandle kweemveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED emhlabeni, kwaye i-Asia, iYurophu kunye noMntla Melika zizona mveliso zibalulekileyo kwiimarike zabathengi kwihlabathi.
Ixesha lonyaka
Iinkalo zesicelo zeemveliso zokukhanyisa ze-LED zibanzi, kwaye kukho iimfuno zesicelo zexesha elide kunye nezizinzileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ezifana nobomi bemihla ngemihla, urhwebo, imveliso, ubunjineli, ukuthutha, njl., ngoko ke iimpawu zonyaka zemarike azibonakali.Nangona kunjalo, iimveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED kwintengiso kwicandelo lemarike ikakhulu kubathengi bezorhwebo.Ngenxa yempembelelo yemikhuba yokusetyenziswa kwemveli, ixesha leeholide lihlala lilelona xesha lokuthengisa.Ngexesha "leKrisimesi" kumazwe angaphandle, abanini beempawu baya kwandisa ukunyuswa kunye nokuthengiswa kweemveliso zokukhanyisa zorhwebo.Ngoko ke, isiqingatha sesibini sonyaka lixesha eliphambili lokuthengisa kwishishini lokukhanyisa intengiso.Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka emva kweholide yoNyaka oMtsha, iintengiso zithe tyaba.Ngoko ke, kukho iimpawu ezithile zonyaka kwishishini lokukhanyisa zorhwebo.
Iindlela kunye nezizathu zotshintsho kumanqanaba engeniso yoshishino
Imarike esezantsi yoshishino lokukhanyisa i-LED inoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kunye nemfuno enamandla yemarike.Imithombo yokukhanya ye-LED ijongene nokhuphiswano oluqatha lwemarike, kwaye umda wengeniso yeemveliso uphantsi.Ukukhanyisa ngokubanzi yeyona marike inkulu yesicelo kwiimveliso zokukhanyisa ze-LED, kwaye uphuhliso lwamacandelo angaphantsi kwalo lwahluke kakhulu.Indawo yokukhanyisa ekhaya ngokuthe ngcembe ingena kwixesha elivuthiweyo, kwaye ipateni yokhuphiswano lwemarike yenziwa ngokusisiseko.yacudiswa ukusa kumlinganiselo othile.
Amacandelo emarike afana nokukhanya kwezorhwebo kunye nokukhanyisa kwamashishini kwinqanaba lophuhliso olukhawulezayo.Ngokutyetyiswa okuqhubekayo kweemfuno zomntu kunye nezicwangcisiweyo zabathengi bokukhanya kwezorhwebo, kunye nokuphuculwa kweemeko zokukhanyisa kwimizi-mveliso yokhuseleko, intuthuzelo, ubukrelekrele kunye nezinye iimfuno, ukukhanya kwezorhwebo amacandelo eMarike afana nokukhanya kweshishini kunye nokukhanya kweshishini kuya kuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukwahlula. kunye neemveliso ezizezakho zithande ukuba nemveliso ephezulu eyongeziweyo kunye nokubanakho ukwenza inzuzo enkulu.
Uhlalutyo lwamathuba kunye nemingeni ejongene noshishino
Amathuba ekujongwene nawo
A. Amazwe ehlabathini lonke akhuthaza ukuthandwa kweemveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe
Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, kunye nokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu yehlabathi, oorhulumente bamazwe/iingingqi eziphuhlileyo ezifana ne-United States, i-European Union, kunye ne-Japan baye bakhupha ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo yokuvala izibane zemveli ze-incandescent kunye nokuxhasa kunye nokukhuthaza. uphuhliso lweshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED.
B. Iteknoloji yokukhanyisa i-LED iyaqhubeka nokuphuhlisa, amaxabiso aqhubeka ehla
Ukuqhubela phambili kobuchwephesha kumisela ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kweshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED.Ukutshintshwa kwezibane zokulondoloza amandla ngeemveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED yindlela yokuphuhlisa imboni yokukhanyisa.Inkqubela phambili ye-teknoloji yokukhanyisa i-LED ibonakala ikakhulu kwiinkalo ezimbini: Okokuqala, ukuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kokukhanya.Ngokutsho kwedatha echaphazelekayo, kwi-2018, ukuphumelela okukhanyayo kwe-LED ephezulu ye-industrial-power white yadlula i-180lm / W, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kwezibane ze-LED zangaphakathi kudlula i-100lm / W, kunye nokusebenza okukhanyayo kwezibane zangaphandle kudlule i-130lm / W;okwesibini, ixabiso leendleko laqhubeka lihla.Ukuchatshazelwa kukuphuculwa kweteknoloji ye-chip ye-upstream, ukwanda komthamo wemveliso kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa ukukhanya, ixabiso lezinto eziphambili zezinto ezibonakalayo liye lancipha ngokuthe ngcembe, linciphisa iindleko zokuvelisa izibane ze-LED.Ngokwezibalo, ngokwexabiso lebhalbhu ye-LED elingana nama-watts angama-60, ixabiso layo lalimalunga ne-45-50 yeedola zase-US kwisiqwenga ngasinye ngoJanuwari 2011, kodwa ngoJulayi 2018, ixabiso liye lawela ngaphantsi kwe-10 yeedola zase-US. yeemveliso zokukhanyisa ze-LED ziye ngokuthe ngcembe zasondela kwixabiso lezibane zemveli zokonga amandla.
C. Intsimi yesicelo seemveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED iyaqhubeka nokwandisa
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwetekhnoloji yokukhanyisa i-LED, izalathi zentsebenzo yeemveliso zokukhanyisa ze-LED ezinjengozinzo, ubomi benkonzo, ubukrelekrele, i-CRI, ukusebenza kakuhle okukhanyayo kuya kusiba kukhula ngakumbi, ukufikelela kwimeko yokuhlangabezana nemfuno yemarike.Iimveliso zokukhanyisa ze-LED azikwanelisi kuphela ukukhanya okuqhelekileyo Nangona kunjalo, ngokweemeko ezahlukeneyo zesicelo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo zithathwa, kwaye umda wemarike uhlala ukhula kwaye ukhula.Ngaphambi kweminyaka yee-1990, ishishini lokukhanyisa i-LED lalikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso.Inkqubo yombala wemveliso yayingatshatanga kwaye ixabiso laliphezulu.Imarike yesicelo yayiqhutywa ikakhulu yimfuno yezibane zomqondiso kunye nezibane zesalathisi.Ukusukela phakathi ukuya kutsho ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990, ishishini lokukhanyisa i-LED lingene ngokukhawuleza Kwinqanaba lophuhliso, uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokukhanya eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nohlaza oluluhlaza kunye nokwehla kwamaxabiso emveliso kwenza ukukhanya kwe-LED kwanda ngokukhawuleza kwintsimi yorhwebo kwaye yaba yeyona nto iphambili. kuphuhliso lwemarike yokukhanyisa i-LED ngelo xesha;ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kobugcisa kunye nokwehliswa ngakumbi kwamaxabiso, kwiminyaka yakutshanje iimveliso zokukhanyisa ze-Lai ze-LED ziye zangena ngokuthe ngcembe kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana nezibane zasekhaya kunye nezibane zemizi-mveliso, zenza imarike enkulu yesicelo.Kwixesha elizayo, ngokuphuhliswa kokukhanya komhlaba, ukukhanya kweemoto kunye namanye amacandelo angaphantsi, imfuno yemarike yokukhanyisa i-LED iya kuqhubeka ikhula ngokukhawuleza.
D. I-China inomsebenzi opheleleyo wokukhanyisa i-LED, kwaye ishishini liye langena kwinqanaba elivuthiweyo lophuhliso
ilizwe lam ishishini izibane LED waqala ekupheleni 1960s.Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe yi-50 yophuhliso, ishishini lokukhanyisa i-LED yelizwe lam lenze impumelelo ephawulekayo, kuquka ukuveliswa kwee-wafers ze-LED epitaxial, ukulungiswa kwee-chips ze-LED, ukupakishwa kunye nosetyenziso lwemveliso ye-LED.Kubandakanya ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo.Kwangaxeshanye, i-China ibona ukubaluleka kophando kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe bokukhanya kwe-LED, kwaye iqalise ngokulandelelana iiprojekthi zokukhanyisa okuluhlaza kunye neeprojekthi zokukhanyisa ze-semiconductor.Ukuxhasa uphando kunye nophuhliso kunye neeprojekthi zezoshishino zeteknoloji yokukhanyisa i-LED, ngoko ke ube nesiseko esihle sophando kunye nophuhliso, kwaye ube neenzuzo ezithile kwizicelo zokudibanisa ukukhanya kwe-LED ezantsi.
E. Imigangatho yoshishino yaseTshayina iphucuka rhoqo, kwaye uphuhliso olusemgangathweni luye lwaba lukhokelo
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, phantsi kwesikhokelo samasebe karhulumente anje ngeKomishoni yoPhuhliso kunye noHlaziyo lweSizwe, iKhomishini yeMigangatho yeSizwe, iSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji, iSebe lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, kunye nokukhuthazwa kwemibutho yoshishino efanelekileyo kunye namaziko, Uvavanyo lwelizwe lwe-LED lwemigangatho yokukhanya kunye nezatifikethi zenze inkqubela ngezigaba.Ngokweenkcukacha-manani zeqonga lesizwe lolwazi olusemgangathweni lwenkonzo yoluntu, ukusukela nge-31 kaMeyi, 2021, ilizwe lam likhuphe imigangatho yesizwe eyi-187, imigangatho yoshishino eyi-174, kunye nemigangatho engama-247 yendawo enxulumene nokukhanya kwe-LED, kwaye iqhube ngokukhutheleyo umsebenzi wokulinga weqela. kwaye uthathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kumbutho wamazwe ngamazwe womsebenzi we-ISO/TC274 wokumisela umgangatho.
Ukongeza, ubungakanani bezicelo zeemveliso zokukhanyisa i-LED zibanzi kwaye zibanzi, kwaye iindawo zesicelo ezisezantsi ezifana neendawo zangaphandle, amabala emidlalo, njl njl.Ukongeza, uMphathiswa wezoLoliwe, uMphathiswa wezoNxibelelwano, kunye noMphathiswa woKhuseleko loLuntu baye baseka imigangatho efanelekileyo yeemveliso zesicelo sokukhanyisa i-LED.Ukusekwa kwale migangatho yoshishino ingentla kunye nemimiselo kuya kunceda ukukhuthaza ucwangco kunye nophuhliso olusemgangathweni lweshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED.
Imingeni ekuhlangatyenwe nayo
A. Itekhnoloji engundoqo ibuthathaka
Okwangoku, inxalenye enkulu yeemveliso zokukhanyisa ze-LED zelizwe lam zithunyelwa ngaphandle, kwaye iimarike zamazwe / imimandla ephuhlileyo eYurophu nase-United States yahlukile kwimarike yasekhaya.Banemida yokufikelela engqongqo kwaye baphuhlise iindlela zolawulo lwentembeko.Iimveliso zokukhanyisa ze-LED zibeka iimeko zokufikelela kwiimarike.Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji ephambili yeenkampani zokukhanya ze-LED zelizwe lam kwiinkalo zezixhobo eziphezulu, uyilo lwe-optical, ulawulo lwamandla, kunye netekhnoloji yokulahla ubushushu bezikwimeko ebuthathaka ixesha elide.Iinkampani zokukhanyisa i-LED azikho inzuzo ekhuphisanayo kwi-teknoloji.Imiqobo ebalulekileyo kwiimarike eziphuhlileyo.
B. Impembelelo ye-brand yeenkampani zokukhanyisa ze-LED zasekhaya zibuthathaka
Ngokwembono yophuhliso lwemimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi, ishishini lokukhanya lehlabathi langoku le-LED lenze ukuhanjiswa kwemizi-mveliso enemigangatho emithathu kunye nepateni yokhuphiswano elawulwa yi-United States, Asia, kunye neYurophu, kwaye ibonise ukuba iJapan, iUnited States. , kunye neJamani ziinkokeli zeshishini.I-China i-Taiwan kunye ne-South Korea zilandele ngokusondeleyo, kwaye i-China, i-Malaysia kunye namanye amazwe/imimandla ilandele ngokusebenzayo ukuhanjiswa kwe-echelon.Kumazwe ngamazwe, izigebenga zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana no-Signify kunye ne-Osram zithatha isabelo esikhulu semarike kwimarike yemveliso ephezulu.Baneempawu zabo kwiimveliso kunye neemarike, zenza ikhonkco elipheleleyo lemizi-mveliso yokukhanya kwe-LED, kunye nokusebenzisa inzuzo yabo kwiimveliso ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha.Izibonelelo ezitsha, ikakhulu ezibandakanyeka kwimveliso yeemveliso eziphezulu zexabiso elongeziweyo, ukubamba itekhnoloji engundoqo engundoqo njengezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu, uyilo lwe-optical, ulawulo lwamandla, kunye nobuchwephesha bokulahla ubushushu.Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zokukhanyisa ze-LED zasekhaya zineentengiso ezibuthathaka kunye nexabiso elongeziweyo, okanye zilandele isikali sokuthengisa kwaye zingasihoyi ukwakhiwa kohlobo, kwaye kukho iinkampani ezimbalwa ezinokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
C.Isenzeko sokhuphiswano olulinganayo sinobuzaza
I-homogeneity yemveliso ibisoloko ibe yenye yeengxaki ezithwaxa iinkampani zokukhanyisa zelizwe lam.Ekubeni imarike yokukhanyisa i-LED ikwinqanaba lokukhula ngokukhawuleza, amanye amashishini amancinci naphakathi kwishishini atyale imali encinci kwimveliso kunye nophando lwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso, ngokukodwa ngokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ezinexabiso eliphantsi.Ixabiso lilungiselela imarike, nto leyo ekhokelela kukhuphiswano oluthile lokuphazamiseka kunye ne-homogeneity yemveliso kwishishini lokukhanyisa i-LED.Ezi ngxaki azichaphazeli kuphela inzuzo yeenkampani zokukhanyisa i-LED, kodwa nazo azihambelani nophuhliso oluphilileyo noluzinzileyo lweshishini lokukhanyisa i-LED.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-06-2022